Heavy-haul trains require exact control mechanisms to ensure safety, stability, and efficiency. However, when actuators reach their saturation limits, the control system's performance can degrade, leading to instability and tracking errors. In this paper, we propose an adaptive sliding mode tracking algorithm designed to handle the effects of actuator saturation. The algorithm dynamically adjusts control inputs to maintain stability, minimize tracking errors, and improve robustness against external disturbances. We demonstrate the algorithm's effectiveness in various actuator saturation scenarios through simulations.
Data sharing is not relevant to this study.
There are no conflicts of interest to report from any of the authors.
The author handled all aspects of the study, including its design, data collection, analysis, and manuscript preparation.
This work did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or non-profit sectors for its research, authorship, or publication.
There is no software or tools usage information relevant to this research.
I acknowledge the support and expertise of those who helped with this research and manuscript, and thank the peer reviewers for their valuable insights.
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