TY - M-10462
AU - Lucas, Dania
AU - nunes, Mariana
TI - Biofabrication Frontiers: Technological Innovations, Bioink Engineering, and Clinical Translation in 3D and 4D Bioprinting for Regenerative Medicine
T2 - Scientific Research Journal of  Biology and Life Science

PY - 2025
VL - 3
IS - 2
SN - 2584-0606

AB - Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has rapidly evolved from a prototyping technology to a transformative platform in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. By integrating biomaterials science, cellular biology, and advanced manufacturing, 3D bioprinting enables the precise fabrication of tissue-like constructs with spatial control over cells, biomolecules, and scaffold architecture. Recent advances have focused on high-resolution printing, development of functional bioinks, vascularization strategies, patient-specific models, and clinical translation. Moreover, the emergence of 4D bioprinting introduces dynamic, stimuli-responsive constructs capable of structural and functional evolution over time. This review synthesizes recent advancements in 3D and 4D bioprinting, emphasizing technological innovations, biodegradable scaffold fabrication for bone regeneration, bioink design strategies, cell source selection, and translational challenges. Current limitations, regulatory considerations, and future prospects toward personalized medicine and organ fabrication are also discussed. The review highlights how interdisciplinary collaboration is accelerating the clinical applicability of bioprinted tissues and reshaping the future landscape of regenerative healthcare.

KW - 3D bioprinting
KW -  4D bioprinting
KW -  biofabrication
KW -  tissue engineering
KW -  regenerative medicine
KW -  bioink engineering
KW -  biodegradable scaffolds
KW -  stem cell integration
KW -  bone tissue regeneration
DO -