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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1-mathml3.xsd" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">isrdo-SRJBL</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">isrdo-SRJBL</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">isrdo-SRJBL</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Scientific Research Journal of  Biology and Life Science</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher" pub-type="epub">SRJBL</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group><issn>2584-0606</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ISRDO</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Gujarat,India</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">M-10359</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi"/><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="categories"><subject>Botany</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Smart Soilless Cultivation of Saffron: Enhancing Yield and Quality Through IoT-Integrated Hydroponic Systems</article-title></title-group><contrib-group content-type="authors"><contrib id="622" contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><given-names>Ajeet Parmar</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1">1</xref><aff id="aff-1"><label>0</label><institution>Bihar Agricultural University (BAU), Sabour</institution><country>India</country></aff></contrib><contrib id="623" contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><given-names>Kudrat Chaudhari</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2">2</xref><aff id="aff-2"><label>1</label><institution>Bihar Agricultural University (BAU), Sabour</institution><country>India</country></aff></contrib></contrib-group><contrib-group content-type="editors"><contrib contrib-type="editor"/></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" data-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-29"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year iso-8601-date="2">2025</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><elocation-id>V3-I1-2025</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-20"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year iso-8601-date="2025">2025</year></date><date date-type="revised" iso-8601-date="2025-09-22"><day>22</day><month>09</month><year iso-8601-date="2025"/></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-22"><day>22</day><month>09</month><year iso-8601-date="2025"/></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>&#xA9;2025 Ajeet Parmar Year Corresponding Author</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Ajeet Parmar</copyright-holder><license href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (ISRDO) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link></license-p></license></permissions><self-uri href="https://isrdo.org/journal/SRJBL/currentissue/smart-soilless-cultivation-of-saffron-enhancing-yield-and-quality-through-iot-integrated-hydroponic-systems"/><abstract><p>Saffron the most valuable spice by weight, is traditionally cultivated in soil under specific agro-climatic conditions. However, conventional methods face multiple challenges, including climate dependency, soil-borne diseases, and inconsistent yields. To overcome these limitations, soilless cultivation, particularly hydroponics, integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) technology, has emerged as a transformative solution. This paper explores the current advancements in smart saffron farming through IoT-integrated hydroponic systems, emphasizing yield enhancement, quality assurance, real-time monitoring, and resource optimization. Drawing from recent studies and implementations, we present a comprehensive overview of technological interventions and their impact on sustainable saffron production. Our findings indicate that integrating smart sensors, cloud platforms, and automation significantly improves cultivation efficiency, standardizes output quality, and promotes year-round production.</p></abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>Saffron</kwd><kwd> Crocus sativus</kwd><kwd> hydroponics</kwd><kwd> IoT</kwd><kwd> smart agriculture</kwd><kwd> soilless farming</kwd><kwd> precision agriculture</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement>No specific grants from any funding agencies in the public, commercial, or non-profit sectors were received for this research, authorship, or publication.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><sec sec-type="data-availability"><title>Data Availability</title><p>Not applicable.</p></sec><sec sec-type="COI-statement"><title>Conflicts of Interest</title><p>All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p></sec><sec sec-type="author-contributions"><title>Authors&#x2019; Contributions</title><p>The author handled all aspects of the study, including its design, data collection, analysis, and manuscript preparation.</p></sec><sec sec-type="funding-statement"><title>Funding Statement</title><p>No specific grants from any funding agencies in the public, commercial, or non-profit sectors were received for this research, authorship, or publication.</p></sec><sec sec-type="software-information"><title>software-information</title><p>Not applicable.</p></sec><ack><title>Acknowledgments</title><p>I express my gratitude to those who provided expertise and assistance throughout this study and manuscript preparation. Special thanks to the anonymous peer reviewers for their valuable feedback.</p></ack><ref-list content-type="authoryear"><ref id="1"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>-</p></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
